Kidney stones are a condition of the formation of a hard material
that resemble stones in the kidney . The material comes from residual
waste substances in the blood that the kidneys were then separated
precipitate and crystallize over time .
Sedimentary
rocks in the kidneys can be caused by food or other underlying health
problems . Based on the types of kidney stones , this condition can be
divided into four main types , namely calcium stones , uric acid stones ,
struvite stones and cystine stones .
Symptoms of kidney stones
Symptoms
usually due to kidney stones will not be felt if the sufferer is still
in the stones in the kidney. Symptoms also will not be felt if the
kidney stones is very small so it can get out of the body through the
ureter with ease. The ureters are channels that connect the kidneys to
the bladder.
Symptoms of kidney stones can only be felt
if the stone is larger than the diameter of the ureter tract. Large
stone will rub against the wall lining uterer which can cause irritation
and even injuries. Therefore, urine can sometimes containing blood. In
addition to irritate the ureter, kidney stones can also be stuck in the
ureter so that urine can not go out and accumulate in the kidneys.
Symptoms
of kidney stones can be a pain in the waist, lower abdomen, and groin.
In addition to pain, symptoms of kidney stones may be more vomiting,
chills and fever.
Kidney stone patients in Indonesia
A
kidney stone is a disease that a relatively high number of patients in
Asia, particularly in Indonesia. According to a survey conducted by the
US Census Bureu in 2004, the number of patients with kidney stones in
Indonesia is estimated at 876,000 people. Kidney stones are fairly
common condition suffered by people aged 30 to 60 years. This disease
affects more by men than women.
The diagnosis of kidney stones
In
diagnosing kidney stones, the doctor will first try to dig up
information in advance of the patient about symptoms they experienced.
Usually the doctor will ask if the patient had been suffering from
kidney stones earlier, had a family history of disease, the same, or
whether the recent patients often eat foods or supplements that can
trigger the formation of kidney stones.
After oral
information is collected, the doctor will perform a number of tests to
make the diagnosis if necessary. Such tests can include urine tests,
blood tests, and examinations through images such as intravenous urogram
images, CT scans, and X-ray.
Treatment of kidney stones
Treatment
of kidney stones are divided into two by the size of the kidney stone.
If a kidney stone is still relatively small or moderate, and they can
pass through the urinary tract without surgery, the doctor will usually
advise patients to drink water only appropriate recommended dose. With
the liquid flow continuously, are expected to kidney stones can be
pushed out by itself.
If the symptoms are felt by patients is
quite disturbing, doctors usually prescribe enough painkillers, such as
paracetamol, ibuprofen or codeine.
Treatment of kidney
stones with surgery is very rarely done. This step will usually only be
applied if the stones are larger in size thus blocking the urinary tract
of patients. If not promptly treated, it is feared these conditions can
cause severe health problems such as bleeding or kidney damage.
Prevention of kidney stones
How
to prevent kidney stones is actually quite simple. You only need to
drink enough water every day and limit consumption of foods, beverages,
or supplements that contain substances that could potentially cause the
formation of kidney stones, such as oxalate, calcium, and protein.
In
addition to drinking enough water and to limit intake of certain
substances, prevention of kidney stones can also be done by taking drugs
prescribed by doctors. This step is usually recommended to prevent
relapse for those who have previously suffered from kidney stones.
symptoms of kidney stones
Symptoms
of kidney stones usually will not be felt if the sufferer is still in
the stones in the kidney. Symptoms also will not be felt if the kidney
stones are so small that excluded them from the body through the ureter
with ease.
Symptoms of kidney stones as a result of
pronounced when larger stones out of the kidney to the ureter. The
ureter is a tube that connects the kidney to the bladder. The ureter is a
tube-shaped organ with sensitive tissues. When kidney stones are large
enough pass through the ureter, the stone will rub against the wall of
the ureter, causing irritation and even injuries. This is why sometimes
the urine may contain blood. If the stone is large enough, a stone may
become lodged in the ureter thus hampering the flow of urine to the
kidneys.
Symptoms of kidney stones is the most common
abdominal pain and lower back, waist and crotch. The pain can be felt as
a constant or may come and go.
Other symptoms of a
kidney stone that appears is the increased frequency of urination and
pain during urination. Urine color also looks cloudy and smells
different than usual. Turbid color like brown or reddish in the urine
can be due to bleeding when kidney stones pass through the urinary
tract.
In addition, patients are also difficult to rest in peace, experience nausea, and vomiting.
If
a stone lodged in the ureter so that the urine accumulate in the
kidneys and cause a kidney infection, the patient's body temperature
will rise. Kidney infection also makes people feel chills, have
diarrhea, and feeling very weak.
cause kidney stones
Kidneys
clean the blood every day by filtering waste substances contained in it
for the next disposed in the form of urine. Sometimes the levels of
these substances are too high that can not be completely removed by the
body and settles in the kidneys. These deposits can eventually harden or
crystallize, forming what is called kidney stones.
Sedimentary
rocks in the kidneys can be caused by food or other underlying health
problems. Based on these factors, kidney stones can be divided into four
main types, namely calcium stones, uric acid stones, struvite stones
and cystine stones.
Calcium stones caused by high
calcium levels in the urine. This type of kidney stones is the most
common. High levels of calcium can come from foods that contain oxalate
and vitamin D, such as soybeans, beef liver, chocolate, tea, coffee, and
oysters. The high calcium can also be caused by an overactive
parathyroid gland. Hormones produced by these glands function as a
regulator of the amount of calcium in the blood.
The
second is uric acid stones. These stones are formed due to high levels
of uric acid in the urine caused by foods high in purine high. Examples
of foods that trigger high uric acid are shellfish, mutton and offal. In
addition to kidney stones, uric acid stones can also be formed and lead
to gout or gouty arthritis.
The third is struvite
stones. This is a type of kidney stones can form and swell rapidly. The
main cause struvite stone formation is a urinary tract infection is not
treated and left alone. This rock type is more common in female patients
than male patients.
The latter is a cystine stones.
Kidney stones are formed due to the excessive number of amino acid
cystine that is removed by the kidneys. Cystine stones is a type of
kidney stone that is extremely rare. This condition is caused by a
disease known as cystinuria.
diagnosis of kidney stones
In
diagnosing kidney stones, the doctor will first try to dig up
information in advance of the patient about symptoms they experienced.
Usually the doctor will ask if the patient had been suffering from
kidney stones earlier, had a family history of disease, the same, or
whether the recent patients often eat foods or supplements that can
trigger the formation of kidney stones.
After oral
information is collected, the test will be conducted to ascertain the
diagnosis. Such tests can include urine tests, blood tests, and
examinations through images such as intravenous urogram images, CT
scans, or X-ray.
Urine examination is performed to
determine the presence of urinary tract infections associated with
kidney stones. In addition, if the urine sample contains flakes of
kidney stones, these tests can help physicians recognize the type of
kidney stone formation.
As for the blood tests, the
method is performed to help the doctor determine levels of substances
that could potentially cause kidney stones, such as calcium or uric acid
levels in the blood. In addition, blood tests are also conducted to
check whether the patient's kidney was still functioning properly.
The
latter is an examination through picture image with X-ray, CT scan or
intravenous urogram (IVU). Examination that can only be done at this
hospital actually have the same goal, namely to ensure the existence and
determine the position of kidney stones precisely and accurately.
The
analysis will greatly assist the physician in determining treatment or
medication in accordance with the condition of patients with kidney
stones.
treatment of kidney stones
Treatment
of kidney stones are divided into two by size. If still relatively
small, the stone can still be through the urinary tract without having
surgery to remove it. Your doctor will usually advise patients to do the
appropriate preventive treatment, by drinking enough water every day.
With the liquid flow continuously, it is expected that a small kidney
stones can be pushed out by itself.
If the white water
is considered not enough, your doctor may prescribe medication to help
smooth expenditure kidney stones, for example tamsulosin.
If
the patient has symptoms felt quite disturbing, doctors usually
prescribe enough painkillers, such as paracetamol, ibuprofen and
codeine. In addition to pain relief, the doctor will give you medication
to manage the symptoms of nausea and vomiting. Alpha inhibitors are
also available to make the walls of the ureter become more relaxed. The
goal is that kidney stones can pass through more easily.
Treatment
of kidney stones with operation rarely do. This measure will be
applied if the stone is sized so that clog the urinary tract of
patients. If not promptly treated, it is feared these conditions can
cause severe health problems, such as bleeding or kidney damage.
Procedures for handling large kidney stones are:
- Ureterorenoskopi, namely the appointment procedure of kidney stones by using a tool called ureteroskop inserted into the ureter through the urethra and bladder. The urethra is the latest channel to discharge urine from the bladder to outside the body. Device resembling a small tube and fitted the camera can see the location of kidney stones. Once the location is known, the stone will be destroyed. Ureterorenoskopi usually done to treat stones trapped in the ureter.
- Open surgery. In modern times, as now, this procedure has actually been relatively rare and only performed to remove kidney stones that are very large. As the name implies, open surgery is done by making an incision on the skin surface close to the kidneys and ureters that serves as an access for the surgeon to remove kidney stones.
- Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or ESWL abbreviated, the procedure for destruction of kidney stones by using wave energy. Crushed stone that the fractures can come out easily.
- Percutaneous nephrolithotomy PCNL or abbreviated, namely the procedure for destruction of kidney stones. A small incision is made on the surface of the skin near the kidney, so a tool called nephroscope can go to break and lift the kidney stone chips.
complications of kidney stones
Cases
of complications arising from kidney stones are rare. Even so these
conditions should not be taken lightly. Obstruction of urine discharge
rate is not only painless, but it is feared could lead to a more serious
condition such as infection or even kidney failure if not handled
properly. Besides the potential impact on the kidneys, the most common
complication is the tendency for recurrence of kidney stones. If you
have ever suffered from kidney stones before, then you have the
opportunity to re-exposed to the same conditions. Here are the factors
triggering the formation of kidney stones repeatedly:
- Too many foods containing protein and eating too little fiber.
- It only has one kidney was still functioning.
- Never experienced some infections associated with kidney or urinary system before.
- Having a family history of kidney stone disease.
- Had undergone surgery on the digestive system.
- Routine taking supplements containing vitamin D and calcium.
- Taking drugs such as aspirin, certain antibiotics, antacids, diuretics, anti-epileptic drugs, and drugs for HIV.
Procedures for the appointment of kidney stones are
large, especially with ureterorenoskopi method also has the potential to
cause complications such as bleeding, injury to the ureter tract,
ureter obstruction due to stone chips kidney and blood infections or
sepsis.
prevention of kidney stones
How to
prevent kidney stones is actually quite simple. The first is to drink
enough water every day. Besides being able to prevent dehydration, drink
enough water can dilute your urine so the waste substances are filtered
from the blood kidney is not easy to settle and always wasted smoothly.
The
second preventive measure is to limit the consumption of food, drinks,
or supplements that contain substances that could potentially cause the
formation of kidney stones. For example, such as calcium, oxalate,
vitamin D, and animal protein.
Examples of foods or drinks that contain oxalates are:
Milk and soy beansTempehSardineChocolateTeaCoffeeeggplantSpinachBeer
Examples of foods containing D vitamin are:
Fish oilEgg yolk
beef liverOysterMilk and soy beansTempehOystermushroom
In addition to drinking enough water and to limit intake of certain
nutrients, prevention of kidney stones can also be done by taking drugs
prescribed by doctors. For example the drug allopurinol to lower uric
acid levels in the blood, thus preventing the formation of uric acid
kidney stones. This step is usually recommended for those who have
previously suffered from kidney stones so that the condition does not
recur.
Be aware of the symptoms of kidney stones
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Reviewed by Unknown
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